Gum Disease

Gum disease is the largest cause of loss of teeth in adults. In its earliest stage, gum disease is known as gingivitis. This early form of gum disease starts with plaque buildup. The bacteria in the plaque starts to cause redness and swelling of the gums. In some cases the gums will begin to bleed when the teeth are brushed. Gingivitis does not cause irreversible damage but needs to be treated so that it does not progress.

When gingivitis is not treated it can progress to periodontal disease. During this phase of gum disease, the gums can start to pull away from the teeth. When the gums pull away from the teeth they leave small spaces called pockets. The pockets catch food and bacteria, which can cause infection. When there is infection the body will fight it by attacking the gum tissue and the bone that are needed to hold the teeth in place. When bone and tissue are lost, the teeth will become loose and eventually tooth loss can occur.

The main cause of gum disease is plaque, but it is not the only cause. Some risk factors for gum disease include smoking, tobacco use, inconsistent flossing, heart disease, osteoporosis, high stress, diabetes, and family history.

Gum disease can be painless and sometimes the warning signs are difficult to see, but there are a few obvious signs that should not be ignored. Some of the warning signs of gum disease are bleeding gums, loose teeth, receding gums, and bad-breath. Long-standing red swollen gums are often an indication of this inflammatory process.

Gum disease can also be an indication that there are other health risks to the patient. Periodontal disease is linked to a variety of systemic diseases including chronic inflammatory disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and even Alzheimer’s disease.

Your dentist can evaluate your teeth and determine if you have gum disease and how severe it is. Treatment options vary on a case-by-case basis. An accurate measurement of the disease needs to be recorded in the periodontal probing depths as well as clear x-rays. A dental professional will assess the severity and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

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